短语动词

　　I. 要点

　　英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

　　(1) 动词+介词

　　常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：

　　Don't laugh at others.

　　I didn't care about it.

　　(2) 动词+副词

　　常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

　　Please don't forget to hand it in.

　　(3) 动词+副词+介词

　　常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：

　　All his money added up to no more than $100.

　　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

　　(4) 动词+名词+介词

　　常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

　　We should make full use of our time.

　　(5) 动词+形容词

　　常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

　　The prisoners were set free.

　　He cut it open.

　　(6) 动词+名词

　　常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：

　　This story took place three years ago.

　　I make friends with a lot of people.

　　(7)辨析

　　give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)

　　put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭)

　　turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开)

　　keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)

　　make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认)

　　take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出)

　　II. 例题

　　例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

　　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

　　解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keep up意为"继续";give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

　　A touch B relation C connection D friendship

　　解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。外语学习网

　　例3 ____! There's a train coming.

　　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

　　解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。

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（实习编辑：高奕飞）